tens of millio the need for passports.
旁白:二十世纪初,哈耶克和凯恩斯见证了第一次全球化浪潮。日常生活在各地都发生着变化。诸如电报、电话之类的科学技术带来了一场通讯革命;汽船和铁路使世界变得更小;数千万人移民而不需要有护照。
keyhis global market in which trade flowed freely.
凯恩斯描述了全球市场的情况,在这个市场中贸易自由流通。
ohn mayhe inhabitant of london could order by telephone, sipping his m tea, the various products of the whole earth, and reasoheir early delivery upon his doorstep. militarism and imperialism of rad cultural rivalries were little more than the amusements of his daily araordinary episode in the eic progress of man was that age which end in august 1914.
凯恩斯:伦敦居民可以一边喝着早茶,一边通过电话来订购世界各地的产品;还可以想象着他们订购的产品早早地放在自家门口台阶上。种族、文化之间敌对的军国主义和帝国主义就如同每天看报的消遣一样。人类经济发展史上一个特别的章节即在1914年8月那个时代走到了尽头。
narrator: hayek summed it up more suctly.
旁白:哈耶克的总结更加简洁。
friedri hayek: we did not realize hile our civilization was.
哈耶克: 我们没有意识到我们的文明是多么脆弱。
narrator: the murder of an austriaerrered a ould be almost 80 years before there was on a truly global ey.
旁白:一位奥地利大公被恐怖分子谋杀引发了一次世界大战。将近80年以后,一个真正的全球经济才又再次出现。
world war i destroyed 20 millio laid a whole t to waste. there was bloe amidst the beauty of the italian alps, where the armies of austria and italy were fighting.
第一次世界大战摧残了两千万个生命,将整个欧洲大陆变成一片废墟。意大利和奥地利军队在意大利的阿尔毕斯山激战,鲜血和屠杀遮蔽了阿尔毕斯山的美丽。
friedri hayek served irian artillery. he was only 17 years old -- still a schoolboy. the fighting was ferocious. he experie a.
哈耶克在奥地利炮兵部队中服役,当时他只有17岁-还是一个学生。战斗是残酷的;他经历了撤退和战败。
friedri hayek: the defluence was really world war i. it's bound to draw your attention to the problems of politiization.
哈耶克:第一次世界大战确实产生了决定性的影响,它必定将你的注意力吸引到政治组织的问题上来。
narrator: he vowed to work for a better world.
旁白:他发誓要为建立一个更美好的世界而奋斗。
dahe first as a cataclysm. people were disillusioned. people were bitter. they were looking for somethier. socialism, seemed to promise that better world.
丹尼尔.尤金: 第一次世界大战无异于一次大地震,它使人们幡然醒悟并痛苦万分。人们在寻找更好的制度,而社会主义和共产主义似乎为人们勾画了一个更美好的世界。
ole: st. petersburg, 1917
字幕标题:圣彼得堡,1917年
narrator: by the old order, the russiaioo deliver that better world. ihe eic theories of karl marx, the bolsheviks sought to smash capitalism. leion's leader, urged the workers of the world to u the global ey. the revolutiorade, erd private property al a promised to end the eic exploitation of man by man.
旁白:俄国革命推翻了旧秩序,它的目标就是建立一个更美好的世界。在马克思经济理论的鼓舞下,布尔什维克寻求推翻资本主义。列宁-革命的领导者-极力主张全世界的工人团结起来反对全球经济。革命使得贸易、商业和私人财产都成为犯罪活动。列宁承诺要结束人对人的剥削。
ole: cambridge uy, 1918
字幕标题:剑桥大学,1918年
the man who was destio be hayek's great iual rival was a brilliant you cambridge uy. but john maynard keynes was much more than that. he befrieers and artists. ohese murals for him. he was also a familiar figure iy of london, where he made a fortuock market, lost it all, a ba.
这个注定要成为哈耶克思想上的竞争对手的年轻人是剑桥大学一位有才气的学者,但是这远不是凯恩斯的全部。他与作家和艺术家交朋友,一个人还为他画了一些壁画。另外,他还是伦敦城的一个家喻户晓的人物,因为他在伦敦股票市场上赚了大钱,全输掉了,然后又赚了回来。
familiar with politid prime ministers, keyhe first w the british gover on haime ey. at the end of the war, keyhe british peace delegation at versailles ihe victorious allies waed germany to pay the costs h what arations.
因为凯恩斯与政治家们和首相们很熟悉,第一次世界大战期间他向英国政府就应如何组织战时经济提供顾问服务。战争结束时,凯恩斯作为英国和平代表团的成员前往法国凡尔赛。取得了胜利的盟国希望战败的德国支付赔款以赔偿战争损失。
robert skidelsky, biographer of : all the statesmen of versailles k about was how to squeeze mo of an already bankrupt germany.
robert skidelsky, 凯恩斯的传记作者: 在凡尔赛的政治家们想的都是如何从已经一贫如洗的德国身上榨出钱来。
geoffrey harcourt, professor of ebridge uy: keyhe reparatio of all proportion to what an ey could really take and would have very destructive social, politid eisequences.
geoffrey harcourt, 剑桥大学经济学教授:凯恩斯认为赔款完全超出了一个经济体所能承受的限度并将造成破坏性的社会、政治和经济后果。
narratry and disgusted, keynes resigned. baglaay with his frieer dunt. that summer, grant paiing his prophetic book, the eisequehe peace.
旁白:出于愤怒和厌恶,凯恩斯辞职了。回到英格兰后,他与他的朋友-画家dunt住在一起。那个夏天,grant画下了正在写书的凯恩斯,那是一本预言式的书-《和平的经济后果》.
john maynard keyake
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