the inal prison d the beginnings of soviet industrializatiht up to the collapse of the ey in the 1990s. so much of its history had beeh the fact that it risohe early 1950s, 100,000 politiers were w in its mines and factories.
丹尼尔.尤金(daniel yergin):诺里尔斯克(norilsk)反映了整个苏联经济发展史的每一个阶段,从最初的犯人集中营及苏联工业化起步一直到90年代苏联经济的解体。它的历史大多与其作为一个犯人集中营的事实紧密联系,即使是在50年代早期,还有10万名###在那里的矿山和工厂里工作着。
narrator: milliohe slow train to the prison camps. vassily romashkin's crime agaie was to check book from the public library.
旁白:成百上千万人坐上缓缓行驶的火车来到集中营。而瓦什利.罗曼希金(vassily romashkin)对国家的犯罪罪名只是从公共图书馆里借错了书。
vassily romashkiier: they seo norilsk after the trial. the trial lasted about 10 minutes. my wife and i said ood-byes.
前###瓦什利.罗曼希金(vassily romashkin):他们在进行了10分钟的审判之后把我送到了诺里尔斯克(norilsk),我和我的妻子就此告别了。
narrator: the prisoners' slave labor became a pohe soviet ey.
旁白:犯人们的苦役劳动成为了苏联经济的一个重要组成部分。
vassily romashkiook us to work, they'd say, ”attentiohe people. a step to the left or tht, and we will shoot you with.” a t up my spihought, ”you are the ehe people.”
瓦什利.罗曼希金(vassily romashkin):当他们要我们工作时,他们会说:“立正!你们这些人民的敌人,只要你们乱动一步,我们便开枪,不会再警告你们的。”一股寒气袭上我的脊背,我想,“你们才是人民的敌人。”
narrator: the soviet system of tral pla the kremlin trolled every aspect of the ey. the aim was to make the soviet uni and self-suffit. the soviet union bedustrial giant, a military superpower, ahe west.
旁白:苏联的中央计划体制意味着克里姆林宫(kremlin)控制着经济的方方面面,其目的是使得苏联强大起来,并自给自足。苏联变成了一个工业巨人,一个军事上的超级大国,并成为了西方世界的一个威胁。
gee shultz, , 1982-1989: russia looked very formidable. the essence of soviet power was its ballistic missiles. they could wipe out any the world in 30 miime. so that's a lot of power.
美国国务聊(1982-1989)乔治.舒尔茨(gee shultz), 1982-1989:苏联看起来非常强大,苏联实力的关键是它的弹道导弹。它们能够在30分钟内摧毁世界上的任何国家,那是很强的实力。
margaret thatcher, british prime minister, 1979-1990: was gaining the w by its maihods, military threat frht.
英国首相(1979-1990)玛格丽特.撒切尔(margaret thatcher),1979-1990:共产主义通过其主要手段——由强大的军事力量所造成的军事威胁,正在赢得整个世界。
charles powell, british fn affairs advisor, 1983-1991: we all thought the soviet union was still a vast powerful ey, a huge military power, a threat to world peace, determis ihe world.
英国外交事务顾问(1983-1991)查尔斯.鲍威尔(charles powell),1983-1991:我们大家当时都认为苏联仍然是一个经济大国,一个军事大国,一个对世界和平的威胁,它决心要在全世界范围内扩大其影响力。
narrator: soviet influence was everywhere iern europe, in afrid latin ameri, plannirol, gover ownership -- these became the gospel. in asia, the apparent suunist a seemed to show the way.
旁白:苏联的影响随处可见:在东欧,在非洲和拉丁美洲国家,社会主义、计划、国家控制、政府所有权——这些成了真理。在亚洲,共产主义中国的胜利似乎也印证了这一现象。
but the truth about the soviet ey lay cealed behind the ”iron .”
但是苏联经济的真正事实却隐蔽在“铁幕”背后。
bookbao8. 书包网最好的txt下载网
chapter 3: behind the iron fa?ade [8:18]
第3章: 铁幕背后
ole: the iron
字幕标题:铁幕
narrator: minefields, barbed wire, searchlights, and lookout towers sealed the soviet blo the outside world.
旁白:地雷区、铁丝网、探照灯,以及了望塔,这些把苏联封闭起来与外部世界隔绝了。
in the 1980s british intelligeed a russiao pehis wall of secrecy. but soviet ihe kgb, became suspid put him u.
80年代,英国情报部门收买了一名苏联双重间谍,企图渗入这一秘密封锁墙。但是苏联的情报部门,克格勃(kgb),怀疑到了这名间谍,并将其软禁起来。
news readon that its top spy was in mer.
消息传到伦敦,其最好的间谍受到了生命威胁。
charles powell was fn polie minister margaret thatcher.
查尔斯.鲍威尔(charles powell)是玛格丽特.撒切尔(margaret thatcher)首相的的外交政策顾问。
charles powell: the he i him e in dow. i 't tell anyone else beo one else k it.
查尔斯.鲍威尔(charles powell):我在唐宁街(dow)听到了要试图营救他的消息,我无法对任何人讲起,因为没有其他人知道这件事。
narrator: it was so se powell he prime minister's personal approval to a es.
旁白:这件事太敏感,鲍威尔需要首相的亲自批准,来实施一个营救计划。
charles powell: oleg gordievsky s the most valuable agent, because he uhe soviet system from inside.
查尔斯.鲍威尔(charles powell):奥列格.戈德尔维斯基(oleg gordievsky)可能是最有价值的间谍,因为他了解苏联的内部体制。
narrator: in moset was on oleg gordievsky.
旁白:在莫斯科(moscow),营救奥列格.戈德尔维斯基(oleg gordievsky)的网收紧了。
oleg gordievsky, kgb defec
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