tough measures with society apart.
旁白:休克疗法意味着一些必需品——比如交通、食品、燃料——的价格大幅上扬。那时,人们认为只有像智利那样的军政府才有能力在不分裂社会的前提下执行如此激进的措施。
daniel yergin: bolivia may be a small try, but it had a very big impa terms of kig refhout latin ameri brazil, a professor, who actually used to teach the depeheory, laun of ei that looked a lot like shock therapy.
丹尼尔.尤金(daniel yergin):###是一个小国,但是它在作为引发整个拉丁美洲改革方面却具有非常大的影响。在巴西,一位曾经教授依赖理论的教授,发起了一个看起来非常像休克疗法的经济改革项目。
daniel yergiina was suffering from 20,000 perflation and the of that try said, you know, we've seen this movie before.
丹尼尔.尤金(daniel yergin):阿根延正遭遇着20,000%的通货膨胀率。新任总统说,你知道,我们原来从电影中看到过这种场面。
domingo y miina, 2001: pro-market reforms plemented under a demod we demo ossible here iina.
阿根廷经济部长(2001)多明戈.卡菲罗(domingo cavallo):支持市场化的改革可以在民主社会中实行,我们要证明,在阿根廷也可以。
narrator: all across latin amerieo sit up aice.
旁白:整个拉丁美洲的政府都开始密切关注了。
gonzalo sanchez de lozada: i think the bolivian experience did have ihe fact that we did it in democracy, we did it without great social violence, had impaikers and on politis.
孔塞洛.桑切斯.洛塞塔(gonzalo sanchez de lozada):我认为###的经历的确很有影响力,我们通过民主的方式改革,没有引起大的社会###的事实对经济学家和政治家们有很大的影响。
jeffrey sa late 1985, as we were strugglihe night roblem, he said, ”you know, this is extraordinarily hard, but what's happehis is goio happen all through latin america.” i watfold, ory after another.
杰裴里.萨克斯(jeffrey sachs):1985年末,一天,我们为一个问题工作到深夜时,他说:“你知道,这的确是非常难,但是在这里发生的一切,将会在整个拉丁美洲发生。”我看到这应验了,在一个接一个的国家应验了。
narrator: it is a curious fact of history that ened in bolivia was to have a direct impa the frozeern europe.
旁白:在###发生的事情给死气沉沉的东欧经济带来了直接的冲击,这在历史上是很不寻常的。
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chapter 12: the miracle year [6:57]
第十二章: 神奇的一年
jeffrey sachs: i roached by a polish gover official who had watched the bolivian reforms, and thehe work i had dentina and brazil. he finally asked me would i go to poland and help.
杰裴里.萨克斯(jeffrey sachs):一位波兰政府官员找到了我,他看到了###的改革,然后他了解了我在阿根廷和巴西进行过的工作,他最后问我是否能到波兰去帮助他们解决问题。
ole: oland
字幕标题:波兰,华沙
the poles themselves feared that they were desto starvation. the shops were utterly empty for miles. i would see a woman just standi sobbing: ”there's no milk in this city. i 't find any milk for my child. what am i going to do?” it was terrifying.
波兰自己很担心会倒退,会出现饥荒。方圆几英里内的商店都彻底空了,我可以看见一个妇女站在街中间哭泣:“整个城市都买不到牛奶,我的孩子没有牛奶喝,我该怎么办啊?”这很可怕。
narrator: sachs arrived ohat roualks agreed there should be free ele poland.
旁白:在圆桌会议同意在波兰进行自由选举的当天,萨克斯(sachs)来到了波兰。
lech walesa: the situatiohan dramati ge a political system ht, but an eieeds years.
莱克.瓦文萨(lech walesa):这种情况太戏剧性了,人们可以一夜之间改变政治体制,但要改变经济体制却要花很多年。
daniel yergi power was ged ierhe response was very clear. it was tanks; it was the red army. that was the berlin in 1953, budapest in 1956, prague 1968. but the answer was different in warsaw in 1989. solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats. the head of the polish unist party called moscow for direikhail gorbachev's aunning: ”do nothihe oute of a free eled that hohat ehe cold war. and reat symbol of the e empire was the fall of the berlin wall. ory after another broke free of -- poland, hungary, czechoslovakia, romania. 1989 was truly a miracle year.
丹尼尔.尤金(daniel yergin):以前,在东欧,如果有谁胆敢挑战苏联强权的话,那结果再清楚不过了,必定是坦克、红军都一起来了。1953年的柏林、1956年的布达佩斯、1968年的布拉格都是这样。但1989年华沙的这次不同了,团结工会获得了99%的席位,波兰共产党的领导人向打电话给苏联寻求指示,戈尔巴乔夫的回答令人震惊:“什么都不要做,接受自由选举的结果吧。”正是这个电话结束了长期的冷战,当然,苏维埃帝国崩溃更具代表性的事件是柏林墙的倒塌。一个接一个的国家从共产主义中解放出来—波兰,匈牙利,捷克斯洛伐克,罗马尼亚。1989年真是奇迹的一年。
narrator: poland was free now. solidarity had to liberate the polish ey. late o sachs met the solidarity eist ja in a artment.
旁白:波兰现在自由了,团结工会不得不解放波兰的经济。一天晚上萨克斯(sachs)在华沙的一所公寓里会见了团结工会的经济学家杰西卡.库勒(ja)。
jeffrey sachs: i was trying to explain how you get out of this mess that the unist system had left behind. every inutes he would pouable, ”pah, pah, pah” -- ”yes, yes, yes, i uand.” and we'd gone on -- ”pah, pah” -- and it was very, you know... it was really exg. we went on for
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