crude
a. in a natural or raw state; unrefined
surge
vi. rise or swell with great force
hunger
vi. have a strong desire or craving
disbelieve
vt. refuse to believe
novel
n. a long story about fictitious people and events
lug
vt. pull along or carry with effort; drag
golf
n. a game played by hitting a small, hard ball with one of a set of clubs around an outdoor course into a series of holes in as few strokes as possible 高尔夫球
mythical
a. not real; imaginary
myth
n. a story that expresses the beliefs and values of a people 神话
revive
vt. bring back to life or consciousness
vivid
a. active, lively
naturalism
n. the showing in art, and literature, of the world and people scientifically and exactly as they are 自然主义
mood
n. the way sb. feels at a certain time 心境,情绪
ream
n. 480 or 500 sheets of paper of the same size and quality 令
sufficiently
ad. in a sufficient manner or to a sufficient degree
sufficient
a. as much as is needed; enough
ignorance
n. the condition of being ignorant; lack of knowledge
jim crow
discriminating against negroes; for blacks only
phrases & expressions
aside from
except for; in addition to
on earth
of all possible things; ever (use. used for emphasis after words that ask question)
call down
summon; evoke (sth. upon sb.)
out of the question
not worth considering; impossible
fit into
belong to; be appropriate to
refer to
mention; allude to
address oneself to
give one's full attention to; tackle
on errands
making a short trip to do or get sth. for sb.
slip up
make a mistake
be clear of
be a safe distance away from; free from
call up
call on the telephone
under one's breath
in a whisper
right off
at once; immediately
be through
have reached the end of; be finished with; be done with
run across
find or meet by chance
look up
search for, hunt information about in a dictionary
surge up
rise up in a wave
hunger up
rise up in a wave
nothing less than
nothing short of
beyond one's reach
not capable of being had or got to
proper names
richard wright
理查德.赖特
memphis
孟菲斯
commercial appeal
《商业呼声报》
h.l. mencken
h.l. 门肯
don
唐
a book of prefaces
《序言集》
prejudices
《偏见》
sinclair lewis
辛克莱.刘易斯
main street
《大街》
gerald
杰拉尔德
george f. babbitt
乔治.f.巴比特
dreiser
德莱塞
jennie gerhardt
珍尼.格哈特
sister carrie
《嘉莉妹妹》
unit five
text
if modern life is so wonderful, why do we feel so unhappy? in the following article, the author suggests that though living standards have improved, we, rather than feeling content, never become completely satisfied with what we have achieved. this is because we always find ourselves with new and higher expectations. to meet these expectations and solve the new problems that arise, new strategies should be adopted.
how could anything that
feels so bad be so good?
richard e. farson
maybe it is time to adopt a new strategy in trying to figure out why life today is so difficult, and what can be done about it. assume that not only are things often not what they seem, they may be just the opposite of what they seem. when it comes to human affairs, everything is paradoxical.
people are discontented these days, for example, not because things are worse than ever, but because things are better than ever. take marriage. in california there are about six divorces for every ten marriages -- even higher in some of the better communities. one must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics. but the explanation so frequently offered -- that the institution of marriage is in a state of collapse -- simply does not hold. marriage has never been more popular and desirable than is it now; so appealing in fact, that even those who are in the process of divorce can scarcely wait for the law to allow them to marry again.
the problem is that people have never before entered marriage with the high expectations they now hold. throughout history, the family has been a vital unit for survival, starting as a defense system for physical survival, and gradually becoming a unit for economic survival. now, of course, the family has become a physical and economic liability rather than an asset. having met, as a society, the basic survival and security needs, people simply don't need each other anymore to fight indians or spin yarn -- or wash dishes or repair electrical plugs for that matter. the bonds of marriage and family life are no longer functional, but affectional. people used to come to love each other because they needed each other. now it's just the other way around. they need each other because they
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