, keynes expressed his hope that what worked in ork in peace.
旁白:凯恩斯在无线电广播中表达了他的希望:战时起作用的,在和平时期也起作用。
john maynard keyure os really does employment, a gra has begun. good may e out of evil. we may learn a trick or till e in useful when the day of peaes.
凯恩斯:如果军备支出确实克服了失业问题,那么一个更重大的试验开始了。好事可能来自于邪恶。我们可以从中学到一或两个窍门,这在和平时期迟早用的上。
ole: london, 1944
字幕标题:伦敦,1944年
narrator: the london sics, hayek feared that keynes's brave neas a big step in the wroioacked the growing sus by writio serfdom. sarcastically dedicated to ”socialists of all parties,” it ular success. there was even a version of it.
旁白:正在伦敦经济学院教学的哈耶克担心凯恩斯勇敢的新世界是朝着错误方向迈出的一大步。他写了《通往奴役之路》,向主流意见发起了攻击。它对“各政党中的社会主义者”进行讽刺,受到了欢迎。甚至还出现了关于它的漫画。
its message le aoo muent plaoo mueoo muehe ey destroys freedom and makes men slaves. for hayek, tral planniep to a totalitarian state.
它的意思很简单也很直接:太多政府计划意味着太多政府权力;政府对经济的权力太大损害自由,而且使人们成为奴隶。在哈耶克看来,中央计划是成为极权主义国家的第一步。
geoffrey harcourt: well, hayek thought that sin was an absolute, you must let a petitive system just work itself out. and if at times that meant there was siderable u, well, that's what you had to put up with
geoffrey harcourt:哈耶克认为既然自由是绝对的,那么你必须让竞争体系完全依靠自身解决问题。如果有时候这意味着相当多的失业,那也是你所必须忍受的。
robert skidelsky: hayek always rejeics. he rejey goverireat depression itself, whereas keynes was an activist. he said in the long run we're all dead, and in the long ruhings to go on without remedy, we get lots of hitlers, lots of wars, and lots of stalins. and whht?
robert skidelsky:哈耶克一直抵制宏观经济学。大萧条时期他反对任何政府干预,而凯恩斯则是一个激进分子。他说长期来看我们都会死亡,长期来看如果我们允许事情自由发展,就会产生许多希特勒,许多战争和许多斯大林。那么谁是正确的?
narrator: most people would have agreed with keye this to hayek.
旁白:在凯恩斯写这些给哈耶克的时候多数人同意凯恩斯的观点。
john may we want is not no planning, or even less pla ly want more.
凯恩斯:我们想要的不是没有计划,甚至也不是较少的计划。我们几乎肯定想要更多的计划。
narrator: ile of ideas, hayek was on the losing side.
旁白:在这场思想战争中,哈耶克处于下风。
friedri hayek: i had a fairly good reputatioheorist in 1944 when i published the road to serfdom, and it was treated even by the aunity very largely as a malicious effort by a reaary th ideals.
哈耶克:1944年出版《通往奴役之路》(the road to serfdom)时,作为经济理论家我的声望相当高。《通往奴役之路》(the road to serfdom)甚至被一个学术团体在很大程度上作为对崇高理想的恶毒攻击。
ole: neshire, 1944
字幕标题:新罕布什尔州,1944年
narrator: ar, keyo bretton woods and a grael. here, delegates gathered from all over the wawar ey.
旁白:世界大战还在进行。凯恩斯来到布雷顿森林,来自世界各地的代表正聚集在这里商讨重建战后经济。
the bretton woods ce created the world baioary fund. they were desig stability to the world ey ahe uhe depression of 1930s.
布雷顿森林会议建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织,它们被预定用于稳定世界经济,防止出现三十年代那样的高失业和大萧条。
keynes's idealism and humanity iration.
凯恩斯的理想主义和博爱是一个启示。
john mayhere has never been such a far-reag proposal o a scale to provide employme and iivity iure. and i doubt if the world uands how big a thing we are bringing to birth.
凯恩斯:这个具有深远意义的提议前所未有,它在如此大的范围内提供当前的就业机会并在未来提高生产率。我怀疑世界是否明白我们正在做一件多么重要的事情。
narrator: key have long to live. ill and overworked, his health gave way, but his reputation alived him.
旁白:凯恩斯不久就逝世了,疾病和过度劳累毁掉了他的健康。但是他的声望和影响长存。
friedri hayek: when keynes died, keynes a ks. then two things happened. keynes died and was raised to sainthood, and i discredited myself by publishio serfdom. and that ged the situatioely. and for the followi was only keynes who ted, and i was gradually almotten.
哈耶克:凯恩斯逝世的时候,他和我是最著名的经济学家。当时发生了两件事:凯恩斯去世并被提升为圣人;我则因为出版了《通往奴役之路》(the road to serfdom)而毁了自己的名誉。情势完全转变了。在随后的三十年中只有凯恩斯受到尊崇,而我则几乎渐渐被遗忘了。
ole: v-e day, 1945
字幕标题:二次大战盟国结束欧战胜利日,1945年
narrator: the war was over, aroops came mare.
旁白:战争结束了,军队回家了。
the final summit ce of the three wartime allies took pla a pala the berlin suburb of potsdam. truman, churd stalio plao redra of europe. their different eic sy
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