n of ine, in which you had people who you would hardly call socialist alitarian, people like myself, mises got up and said, ”you're all a bunch of socialists,” a out of the room. (laughs)
弗里德曼:在一次关于收入分配的辩论中,参加辩论的人有一些几乎不能被称之为社会主义者或者平等主义者,还有象我这样的人。mises站起来说:“你们是一群社会主义者,”然后径直走出了屋子。(笑)
narrator: but hayek told the meeting that they had o lesson to learn from the socialists.
旁白:但是哈耶克告诉与会者他们从社会主义者身上可以学到很多东西。
ralph harris: hayek paid enormous tribute to the sotelled said that the great strength of the socialists is that they had the ce, he said, to be idealistic; to have a theory, to have a project, to have a vision, and to g towards that, through thid thin.
ralph harris:哈耶克极力赞扬信仰社会主义的知识分子,说他们最大的力量在于他们有勇气去空想;然后不畏艰险地朝着这个理论、计划和幻想努力。
narrator: as the meetio an eed a long fight, a battle of ideas that might last 20 years or more, before the wed its miime, hayek could see only one gleam of light.
旁白:会议将要结束时,哈耶克预言在世界主流思想改变之前将有一场长期的斗争,可能要持续二十年或者更久。在这期间,哈耶克只能看到一点曙光。
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chapter 9: germany's bold move [4:11]
第九章:德国的大胆前进
ole: berlin, 1947
字幕标题:柏林,1947年
narrator: the war left germany in ruins. its ey had disis had broken down. shops were empty. already the russia germaio fall into their lap. in the amerid british o z hyperinflatiohe germahless.
旁白:战争使德国成为一片废墟。经济崩溃,市场分割,商店里空空荡荡。俄国人已经占领了东德,正等待着吞没其他地区。在美国和英国占领区,恶性通货膨胀已经使德国通货急剧贬值。
ier of 1948, the allies appointed as direic affairs a rotund, pi named ludwig erhard. a staunazi, erhard was a free-market eist who shared many of hayek's beliefs and ideas. he also believed the allies' eic rules were making a bad situation worse.
1948年冬天,盟国任命一位名叫路德维希?埃哈德的经济学家担任经济管理部门主管。埃哈德是一名坚定的反纳粹主义者,还是一位自由市场派经济学家,他的许多信仰和思想与哈耶克相同。他还坚信盟国的经济规则使糟糕的情况变得更加坏。
miltohe og authorities had imposed a system uhere were extensive ritrols, supposedly to flation, but e arols rol inflation. and you had essentially ahat was brought to a halt.
弗里德曼:占领方当局强制推行了一种体制,在这个体制中广泛存在着工资和价格控制,他们想象可以以此来控制通货膨胀。但是工资和价格控制当然永远不能控制通货膨胀。经济基本上已经陷入了停滞状态。
alfred bosist and friehis situation the black markets formed, and ameri cigarettes were its form of cy.
alfred bosch,经济学家,哈耶克的朋友:在这种情况下,黑市产生了,美国香烟成了通货。
milton friedman: nobody smoked cigarettes. they were for small transas. ac was a medium of cir fe transas.
弗里德曼:没有人抽香烟,它们被用于小笔交易。科涅克白兰地则成为大宗买卖的交易媒介。
narrator: the allies introduew cy, the deutsche mark, to replace the werma for erhard, that was not enough. so with the allies, erhard went on the radio aling a.
旁白:盟国发行了新的通货-德国马克-以取代已经一文不值的旧通货。但是对埃哈德来说,这还不够。因此在没有知会盟国的情况下,埃哈德在电台访谈中抢先宣布了这一消息。
karl otto pohl: ludwig erhard, a legendary man, he decided, without asking anybody and against the will of the ameri o powers, he decided to give up all pritrols.
karl otto pohl:在没有征求任何人意见和违背美国占领当局的意愿的情况下,路德维希?埃哈德这位传奇人物决定废除所有价格控制。
narrator: day, gen. lucius clay, the man in charge of occupied germao khought he was doing.
旁白:第二天,卢休斯?克莱将军-德国占领区的负责人-要求知道埃哈德如何看待对自己正在做的事情。
alfred bosch: clay said, ”what have you done? you have ged the allied pritrols.” erhard replied, ”herr general, i haven't ged them; i've abolished them.” and clay said, ”my advisors tell me it is a big mistake.” erhard replied, ”herr general, my advisors tell me the same thing.”
alfred bosch:克莱说:“你做了什么?你改动了盟国的价格控制。”埃哈德回答说:“将军先生,我没有改动他们,我废除了他们。”克莱说:“我的顾问告诉我这是一个大错误。”埃哈德又回答到:“将军先生,我自己的顾问也这么说。”
narratht the black market disappeared. people st, and goods not seen for 10 years went on sale.
旁白:一夜之间黑市就消失了。人们不再囤积货物;十年没有见过的商品又开始销售了。
milto started the markets w, with free pristead of he windows of the sh started to e up. ahe german eiracle.
弗里德曼:随着价格控制的取消,市场开始运转。商店的橱窗中不再空无一物,而是摆满了商品。它是德国创造经济奇迹的开端。
narratermany's ”social market ebis with a stroe. within a few years, germany's social market ey overtook britain's more planned ey.
旁白:德国的“社会市场经济”将自由市场和高度福利国家联系起来。在许多年里,德国的社会市场经济的计划经济程度比英国还要大。
but baobody want
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