ed to model themselves on germany. most tries preferred to plan their eies.
但是没有人想要模仿德国。多数国家宁愿自己规划本国经济。
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chapter 10: india's way [3:51]
第十章：印度方式
ole: new delhi, 1947
字幕标题：新德里，1947年
narrator: india, the jewel in the of the british empire, the very symbol of imperialism, celebrated its freedom. mahatma gandhi was the father of independence. his eic ideal le india of self-suffit villages. pahe first prime mied to industrialize aish parliamentary democracy with soviet-style tral planning.
旁白：印度，这颗大英帝国王冠上的宝石以及帝国主义的真正象征，庆祝着她的独立。圣雄甘地是印度的独立之父。他的经济理想是把印度建成自给自足的“村庄”。而尼赫鲁－印度第一任总理－则想要实现工业化，并把英国式的议会民主制和苏联风格的中央计划结合起来。
jairam ramesh, senior eic advisor to india's gress party, 1991-1998: in the 1950s india was the mecca of all eists. you talk of a in the world, and they were advising the i. and the adviust have a state-led model rowth; the publiust occupy what came to be called the as of the ey. and that's why steel, ae tools, capital goods, all the areas of heavy ihe public seot ie sector.
jairam ramesh，印度国大党的高级经济顾问，1991－1998年：五十年代，印度是所有经济学家的麦加。世界各地的经济学家都在给印度政府提建议。而建议就是必须实行政府主导的工业增长模式。公共部门必须占领被经济制高点。所以钢铁、煤炭、机械和资本货物等所有重工业部门必须是公共部门而不能是私人部门。
narrator: his faith in teology.
讲述者：尼赫鲁相信科学技术。
manmohan singh, minister of finance, 1991-1996: nehru was a rational thinker, ao apply sd teologies to solve the great mass poverty that prevailed at the time of independence.
辛格（manmohan singh），财政部长，1991－1996年：尼赫鲁是理性的思想家。他想运用科学和技术来解决争取国家独立时期普遍存在的、触目惊心的贫困问题
narrator: ural planning be of sce.
旁白：在尼赫鲁的领导下，中央计划变成了科学的一种形式。
meghnad desai, professor, london siehru was always reg iuals in india ohe cause of planning. ahis genius statisti, mahalanobis, who was head of the indian statististitute.
meghnad desai，伦敦经济学院教授：尼赫鲁为了编制计划一直在印度招募支持他的知识分子，其中有一位天才的统计学家－马哈拉诺比斯，他是印度统计学学会的首脑。
narrator: nehru asked mahalanobis to think about how to plahe brilliant mahalanobis su expressiire indian ey iiula.
旁白：尼赫鲁要求马哈拉诺比斯考虑如何为经济编制计划。这位才华横溢的马哈拉诺比斯成功地将整个印度经济用一个数学公式表示出来。
voiahala equal natio equal ption, and kt equal iime, ope, ope, one plus lambda k beta k, closed braus oio allocated to industries produg capital goods; that is k sed er goods at c sector, respectively.
马哈拉诺比斯的声音：令yt表示国民收入，ct表示消费，kt表示当时的投资。左括弧，加上λkβk，右括弧，减去一个，是分配到生产资本货物的行业中的投资比例；资本货物部门是k部门，而消费品部门是c部门。
narrator: people believed this perfect mathematical model could be applied iha world.
旁白：人们相信这个完美的数学模型能够应用于不那么完美的现实世界。
meghnad desai: and at that time, mahalanobis's model was hailed as ohe pi mathematical m a mixed ey. and that made mahalanobis very iial.
meghnad desai：那时候马哈拉诺比斯的模型作为为混合经济编制计划的先进模型受到尊崇，而马哈拉诺比斯也因此而非常有影响力。
narrator: ihe model of eient for nations. across the developing world, socialism, plan trulation, and ownership -- these became the gospel. all over africa, people looked to socialism to lead them out of poverty. aeriee trol as the way to moder suunist tries like the soviet union and a seemed to show the way.
旁白：印度成为新兴对立国家经济发展的典范。在发展中国家，社会主义、计划、政府控制、规章和所有权都成为真理。在整个非洲，人们都指望社会主义领导他们摆脱贫困。南非政府选择国家控制作为实现现代化的方式。共产主义国家－例如苏联和中国－取得的明显成功似乎证实了这一方式。
chapter 11: chist the tide [7:32]
第十一章：芝加哥逆流
ole: chicago, 1950
字幕标题：芝加哥，1950年
narrator: by 1950, hayek's market eipletely out of fashion that whe a full-time academi the ues, only oy was willing to hire him.
旁白：到1950年为止，哈耶克的市场经济学已经完全不流行了，当时他正在美国谋求全职的学术工作，结果只有一个大学愿意聘用他。
sam peltzman, professor, uy of chicago: chicago has always beeio of the mainstream. chicago is geographically isolated. this affects chicago's iual influeny more areas than eics.
sam peltzman，芝加哥大学教授：芝加哥一直都是一个特殊的地方，置身于主流之外。芝加哥的地理位置孤立，这影响了它在包括经济学在内的许多领域中的影响。
narrator: the uy of chicago's iual influence wht professors and another 11 eists from chit on to win nary becker
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