is ohem.
旁白:芝加哥大学的学术影响将不断增强。八位教授和其他十一位来自芝加哥大学的经济学家获得了诺贝尔奖。加里?贝克尔就是其中之一。
gary becker, professor of eiiversity of chi i came as a graduate student to chicago 1951, i was flabbergasted by how stimulatimosphere was. i had been a very good student at prion. my first day in friedman's class he raised a question. i answered. he said, ”that's 's just rephrasihat was the example of how blunt people were.
加里.贝克尔,芝加哥大学经济学教授:1951年我到芝加哥大学念研究生的时候,这里活跃的气氛令我大吃一惊。在普林斯顿我是一个非常好的学生。但第一次上佛里德曼的课时他提了一个问题,我回答了,他却说:“那不是答案;那仅仅是把问题改述了一下。”这个例子说明了这里的人是如何的直率。
milton friedman: nobody olite. people were ied in ideas a and not in making sure you didn't ruffle anybody's feathers.
弗里德曼:没有人是很客气的。大家感兴趣的是思想和论据,而不是确保不惹恼别人。
arner, professor emeritus, uy of chicago: if y in a seminar room ahere is sayihing which if imbibed by your students wh in that same room is goihem astray, it's up to you to call that guy right now and hat, i think, is sort of the spirit that prevailed in the chicago workshop system. there wasn't that mug in the luhey were pretty cordial. (laughs)
arner,芝加哥大学荣誉退休教授:如果你参加讨论会时发现上面讲话的那个人讲的内容如果被参加讨论会的学生接受的话会将他们引入歧途,那你就应该叫那个家伙立刻停止,而且我想那就是芝加哥学术会议系统中普遍存在的精神。午饭时也有战斗,他们是很好的兴奋剂。(笑)
narrator: luhe quadrangle club were famous for the iy of iual dis. and one mao domies.
旁白:四角俱乐部的午餐因激烈的思想辩论而著名。有一个人开始主宰那些辩论。
gee shultz, dean of the chicago graduate school of business, 1962 - 1968: somehow milto the agenda ument, and so there was a saying, ”everybody lue with milton, particularly when he isn't there,” because he's a guer.
gee shultz,芝加哥大学研究生商学院的院长,1962-1968年:不知为什么,米尔顿能够成功地设定讨论议程,而且还有一句谚语:“每个人都喜欢和米尔顿争论,尤其是当他不在的时候。”因为他是一个好很好的辩论者。
narrator: milton friedmahe most artian for the so-called chicago sics.
旁白:milton friedman正成为所谓的芝加哥学派最有表达能力的代表人物。
miltohe eant a strong belief in mi and an emphasis o as a way to trol the ey.
弗里德曼:芝加哥学派意味着对政府干预最小的坚定信仰和强调把自由市场作为控制经济的方式。
lawrence summers, president, harvard uy: you know, in many ways milton friedman was a devil figure in my youth in our household of keys because he seemed, with his emphasis on individualism, freedom, ao be so uh fairness.
lawrence summers,哈佛大学校长:你知道,我年轻时在信仰凯恩斯主义的经济学家中,milton friedman在很多方面都是一个恶魔,因为他强调利己主义、自由和市场,看起来是如此地不考虑公平。
narrator: liberals may have loathed the chicago school, but hayek felt on home ground iual atmosphere so like the vienna of his youth.
旁白:自由主义者本来也可能厌恶芝加哥学派的,但哈耶克觉得这种学术氛围非常象他年轻时代的维也纳。
arner: our vision is that the forarket are just that: they are forces; they are like the wiides. if you want them, you ig your peril. if you find a way your life whiesses these forces to the be of society, that's the way to go.
arner:我们认为市场的力量就是那样:他们是力量:他们就像风和潮汐。如果你试图忽略它们,你就要承担风险,自负后果。如果你找到了利用这些力量为社会谋福利的方式,那就是要遵循的方式。
narrator: but in washingtoill king of the hill. eeer he died, his fa the agazine.
旁白:但是凯恩斯的思想仍然在华盛顿居于统治地位。在他去世后十九年,他的脸仍然成为了《时代》杂志的封面。
sam peltzman: keynes's influenics at mid-tury 't be exaggerated. the eic advice that eists gave to policymakers said the only reason you have bad ees is because the gover's not doi sounds almost like tral pla it?
sam peltzman:本世纪中叶凯恩斯对经济学的影响非常巨大。经济学家们给政策制定者提的建议是经济产出糟糕的唯一原因就在于政府做得不够。这听起来几乎象中央计划了,不是吗?
narratton's keynesians saw the ey not as a forature but a sophisticated mae to be fieocrats like themselves. the keynesian sus was summed up when that most ivy league of presidents, john kennedy, re hree from yale.
旁白:华盛顿的凯恩斯主义者不是把经济看成自然力量,而是把它看成精密的仪器,而这仪器可以由象他们自己这样的技术统治论者来调谐。约翰.肯尼迪总统在耶鲁大学接受名誉学位时的讲话概括了凯恩斯主义者的这一观点。
john fitzgerald kennedy, , 1961-1963: it might be said now that i have the best of both worlds -- a harvard edud a yale degree.
肯尼迪,美国总统,1961-1963年:我获得了世界上最好的一切-哈佛的教育和耶鲁的学位。
narrator: for jfk, keynes had wumele of ideas was over.
旁白:对肯尼迪总统来说,凯恩斯赢得了这场争论。思想的的战争结束了。
john fitzgerald ke is at stake in our eis today is not some grand warfare of rival ideology which
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