ed sales -- you kh the cash or we're goio liquidate you.” it's a hole that almost seems impossible that you get out of.
darren smith,农场主:噢,利率,吞噬了你的利润。保持企业正常运转变得非常困难。利率达到20%或者更高。这是一个非常有趣的时代。我记得,你知道,随着生意变得越来越无利可图和困难,现金流也越来越紧。债权人在施加压力-你知道,“拿出钱来,否则我们就清算你。”这看起来几乎是一个你不可能摆脱的困境。
paul volcker: if you had told me in august of 1979 that ies, the prime rate would get to , i probably would have to a hole. i would have to a hole and cried, i suppose. but thehrough it. (laughs)
paul volcker:如果你在1979年8月告诉我利率,基本利率将达到,那么我可能已经陷入了困境。我想,我本应该已经陷入困境,在那里哭泣的。但是那时我们挺过来了。(笑)
narrator: it had takehree years publiger, three years of real hardship for millions of ameris. but by 1982, the dragon of inflation had been slain.
旁白:这持续了三年-这三年是公众的愤怒情绪不断增强的时期,也是对数百万美国人来说真正困难的时期。但是到1982年的时候,通货膨胀这条恶龙已经被消灭了。
paul volcker: what ged drasti the 198 through today is the kiion that inflation is bad. the primary job of a tral bank is to prevent inflation. that's a very different ehe '50s and '60s.
paul volcker:“通货膨胀是糟糕的事情”这个假定是经过八十年代的激烈变化确立的,并且一直使用到今天。中央银行的基本职责就是防止发生通货膨胀。这 与五十年代和六十年代的情况完全不同。
announcer: ladies ahe presideed states.
广播员:女士们、先生们,美国总统。
narratan a the ues on a new eic course.
旁白:里根和volcker根据全新的经济路线改变了美国。
ran: from our very first day, we have been w to undo the eic wreckage they left behind.
里根:从第一天开始,我们就在为解放他们留下的经济桎梏而工作。
narrator: they called his panomics. it had four key elements.
旁白:他们把他的政策称之为里根经济政策,它包括四个关键要素。
larry li was the ohe sed was deregulatiohird was modest tax rates. ah was limited gover spending. souy al now, but when reagaed, he was vilified by his oppos as being some radical extremist.
larry lindsey:第一个是健全通货的概念;第二个是取消管制;第三个是合适的税率;第四个是限制政府支出。这些在现在看来是非常普通的,但当年里根却被他的对手辱骂为极端激进分子。
ra 't accept that their discredited policies of tax and tax, spend and spehe root of our t problems.
里根:他们只是不能接受他们丧失了信用的税收和开支政策恰恰是通货问题的根源。
narratan's tax cuts, the biggest in history, led to huge deficits. but the ey started to grow steadily again.
旁白:里根实行的历史上最大规模的减税导致了巨额财政赤字,但是经济开始再次稳步增长。
miltohere's no doubt in my mind that those as aax rates, plus his emphasis uhe basistructive forces of the free market, and from 1983 on, it's beeirely up.
弗里德曼:我毫不怀疑里根的那些措施-减税,再加上他强调取消管制,让自由市场基本的建设性力量发挥作用,所以从1983年至今,经济几乎一直在增长。
chapter 17: war ilantic [1:41]
第十七章:南大西洋上的战争
ole: atlanti, 1982
字幕:大西洋,1982年
narrator: far away ilantic, a british expeditio sea. argentihe falkland islands from britaicher risked a war to make the islands british on.
旁白:一支英国远征军正在南大西洋上航行。阿根廷已经从英国手中夺取了福克兰群岛,而玛格丽特.撒切尔冒着打仗的风险也要把福克兰群岛夺回来。
before the ularity was at ro. vi the falklahe survival aret thatcher's gover.
战争之前,她的声望已经跌至谷底,但是福克兰群岛的胜利使得玛格丽特?撒切尔的政府避免了垮台的厄运。
charles powell, thatcher's fn affairs advisor, 1983-1991: the falklahe falklands gave her a new lease oo implement the poli which she had embarked whi results. i, she gambled all on the falklands, and she wohat of ot oly bolstered her standing withiory party, it bolstered her standiry, aly eioionally.
查尔斯.鲍威尔(charles powell),撒切尔的外交事务顾问,1983-1991年:福克兰群岛拯救了她。福克兰群岛使她得以继续实行她那还未产生结果的政策。事实上,她在福克兰群岛问题上孤注一掷,结果她毫无疑问地胜利了。这不但极大支持了她在保守党内部的声望,而且也支持了她在整个国家的声望;另外也提高了她的国际威望。
narrator: the falkla her up politically to fight the fihe soul of the british ey. the impact ide.
旁白:福克兰群岛战争在政治上为她提供与英国经济核心进行最终决战的武器;这种影响是世界范围的。
chapter 18: the heights go up for sale [8:08]
第十八章:出售制高点
narrator: in 1945, attlee's labover had natiohe as of the ey, briries into state ownership. for thatcherites, these state industries were now the primary target.
旁白:1945年,艾德礼的工党政府将经济的制高点国有化,把核心行业都收归国有。对撒切尔夫人的支持者来说这些国有企业是当前的主要目标。
john redrime minister's poliit, 1983-1985: a whole lot of people who were left ht that nationalization was
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