> 厄萨斯拖拉机厂(ursus tractmunt wrzodak：我们很快发现，那些从外部而来的强加给我们的计划大大伤害的恰恰是那些为波兰的政治自由作出过巨大的贡献的波兰人。
narrator: but elsewhere, the market was fl. tens of thousands of small businesses sprung up, and the polish ey began to boom.
旁白：但在其他地区，市场得到了繁荣，成千上万的小企业异军突起，波兰经济开始走向繁荣。
jan bielecki: you suddenly had thousarading the same produ froe-owned shop, but at a much lower price. this is phenome shows enormously entrepreneurial drive of the polish people. when you have your five miake it. when the polish people finally got that opportuhe ce. they used the ce.
简.比尔尼奇(jan bielecki)：突然，你看见在国有商店门前，有成千上万的人正在交易相同的产品，但价格却比商店里低很多。这是了不起的，这表明了波兰人民巨大的创业动力。当你有五分钟时，你一定要抓住这五分钟，当波兰人最终获得了这个机会时，他们抓住了，他们很好地利用了机会。
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chapter 15: soviet free fall [4:52]
第十五章： 苏维埃的自由滑落
ole: moscow, soviet union
字幕标题：苏联，莫斯科
narratust 1991, diehard unists staged a coup. boris yeltsihe voiocratice. the coup collapsed.
gorbachev survived the plot, but his prestige was destroyed, a union's days were numbered.
旁白：1991年8月，顽固的共产主义分子发动了一场政变，鲍里斯.叶利钦(boris yeltsin)成了民主抵抗力量的代言人，政变失败了。戈尔巴乔夫躲过一劫，但声望扫地，苏联的日子不长了。
dahe end of december 1991, mikhail gorbat oelevisioold his viewers that the soviet union would within a few days cease to exist legally. after sevehe soviet unio was fio black.
丹尼尔.尤金(daniel yergin)：1991年12月底，米哈伊.戈尔巴乔夫(mikhail gorbachev)走上电视台，向观众宣布，几天后，苏联在法律上就不存在了，在存在了70年后，苏联走到了尽头，一切都结束了，成为了历史。
narrator: the president of russia was boris yeltsin. unlike gorbachev, yeltsio move fast. he chose the yaidar as the man to turn russia into a market ey.
旁白：俄罗斯总统是鲍里斯.叶利钦(boris yeltsin)，与戈尔巴乔夫不同，叶利钦想更快地行动。他起用了年轻的改革家尤戈.盖达(yegaidar)，负责把俄罗斯带向市场经济。
daniel yergin: faidar it was a shock. there was he treasury; there was no gold; there was not even enet through the wi was unclear who was even ihe nuclear ons. gaidar later said that it was like flying in an airplane and going i and findihe trols.
丹尼尔.尤金(daniel yergin)：盖达深受震动，国库里没有钱，也没有黄金，甚至都没有足够的粮食过冬，连核武器由谁掌管都不清楚。盖达后来说当时就像是你在坐飞机时，到驾驶舱一看却发现没有飞行员。
yegaidar: it was e that the try was not fung, the ey was n, and that if nothing were done and if everyo nothing would be do would end in catastrophe, even a famine.
尤戈.盖达(yegaidar)：我很清楚，国家完全瘫痪了，经济停滞，如果不采取行动，如果每个人都担心无计可施，那就会大祸临头了，甚至会出现饥荒。
narratorbachev's halfway reforms had left the ey in a tailspiial was in short supply.
旁白：戈尔巴乔夫的改革半途而废，留下了一个烂摊子，所有的生活必需品供应都处于极端的短缺状况。
lilia shevtsova: we have been queuio get something --sugar, matches, salt. the stakes really were very high. eic situation was absolute disaster. inflation erth. the shelves stood empty. the prices were skyrog. everyday life was the search faidar had to move very fast.
lilia shevtsova：我们天天排队去买东西——糖、火柴、盐，风险是非常高的，经济状况非常的糟糕，通货膨胀达到了大约每月20%，货架子都空了，物价飞涨，日常生活就是在为生计奔波。盖达必须尽快行动。
narrataidar was ne of the entire russian ey. aill only 35. he assembled a team of youthful free-market ref them his fellow dissenter, 36-year-old anatoly chubais. unist hard-liners he ”little boys in pink shorts.”
旁白：盖达现在掌管着整个俄罗斯的经济，他当时年仅35岁，他网罗了一批年轻的自由市场改革家，这其中包括有反对他的同事，36岁的阿那特利.丘拜斯(anatoly chubais)，共产党的顽固分子们给他们起了个外号叫“穿着粉红色短裤的小男孩”。
jeffrey saow 36, was to advise on ei.
杰裴里.萨克斯(jeffrey sachs)当时36岁了，被请来为经济改革出谋划策。
jeffrey sachs: i of course had the poland experiend. russia turo be something quite different.
杰裴里.萨克斯(jeffrey sachs)：我当然记得波兰的经验，但俄罗斯的情况好像有很大的不同。
narrator: the parliament was dominated by unists aies who opposed reform.
旁白：国会被共产党和其它反对改革的一些政党所控制着。
jeffrey sachs: gaidar was under remarkable political atta the first moment. it wasn't seven days after the start of reform that the head of the parliamehe resignation of the gover, for example.
杰裴里.萨克斯(jeffrey sachs)：盖达从一开始就承受了巨大的政治攻击，比如，在他开始改革后还不到一周，国会的领导就要求政府辞职。
yegaidar: it is a pseudo market utopia.
尤戈.盖达(yegaidar)：这是一个空洞的市场改良乌托邦。
the only thing i want to ask is uay of the situation.
我只是想让大家明白情况的严重性。
narrataidar aed to use ei as a politiash the old unist system before it destroyed them.
旁白：盖达和他的同僚们想
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