r the e.
thea lee:来自世界各地的人们都汇集在西雅图。他们想说的是世界贸易组织所涵盖的现行的全球贸易的规则是不公平的。它们不利于发展中国家,它们不利于工人们,而且它们也不利于环境。
narrator: ihe expanding , but unions' share of the workforce had fallen dramatically. the afl-ed cheap labor overseas. as ahey poihis fa a, where aid five dollars a day to make bice built in america.
旁白:在90年代,不断发展的美国经济创造了1700万新工作,但是,工会会员所占的比例却下降很多。美国劳工运动组织就抱怨海外的廉价劳动力。例如:他们就曾指着这家中国的工厂。那里的工人生产曾在美国生产的自行车,每天的报酬只有5个美元。
thea lee: our workers are iition to workers overseas. we 't trol whether every siays ied states or not, but it's ao lose jobs to workers who are ed by irade unions. and so that ges the nature of eri workers face.
thea lee:我们的工人与海外的工人处于直接的竞争当中。我们无法控制每一个单独的工作能否都被留在美国境内, 但是,工作被那些没有参加独立的工会组织的工人所得到,是另一回事。所以,这就改变了美国工人所面临的竞争的性质。
narrator: tries that opes saw their overall wealth and living standards ihe politics of trade were less straightforward than the eics.
旁白:那些开放了本国市场的国家看到了它们整体的财富及生活水平提高了,但是,贸易的政治学是没有经济学这么直截了当的。
lawre's always difficult to sell opehere's a basiarkets. whether it's somebody losing a job particularly or very obvious, the bes are much less clear. who said on christmas day, ”gosh, thanks -- without opes i would have been oo buy half as many toys for my kid”? or whoever says, ”you know, i'm not that great a worker, but they really had o promote me given the surge a demand”? oher hand, every job loss that be remotely eternational trade, people do. so this problem of invisible benefid visible losers is ohe politiy of trade.
萨莫斯:要推销开放市场总是很困难的。开放市场有一个基本的成本。无论是某个人丢了一份工作或是很明显,收益远没有损失那么清楚。谁在圣诞节时会说:“上帝啊,谢谢——如果没有开放的市场,我只能给我的孩子买今天一半的玩具。”?或者,谁会说:“你知道,我并不是那么好的一个工人,可是它们因为经济的快速增长和出口需求增加,实在没有其他选择而只有提拔我了。”?而另一方面,每一个丢掉的工作,只要能把它与国际贸易联系起来,人们就会这样做。因此,看不见的受益者和看得见的失败者就把贸易的政治经济给妖魔化了。
thea lee: the truth is that the business unity has very good access to the iional institution and tovers. ahe streets because we feel that we have a hard time getting overo listen, or that overs are unrespohe s that we've raised. ahink we do better. rite a set of rules flobal ey that would e corporations had to live up to a minimum standard.
thea lee:事实是,商业社团很容易接触到国际机构以及它们本国的政府。因为我们感觉到要让我们的政府倾听我们的声音太难了或因为我们的政府对我们提出的所关注的问题不予理睬,我们就上街抗议了。而且我们认为我们可以做得更好。我们认为我们可以为全球经济制定一套规则以确保所有的公司必须要达到一个最低的标准。
narrator: but ile meeting, the unio stiff resistahe developing world. they warade, not less. poorer tries charged that amerid europe unfairly protedustries with powerful union and business support.
旁白:但是,在西雅图会议上,工会的要求遇到了发展中国家的强烈抵触。他们要求更多的贸易,而不是更少。贫穷的国家批评美国和欧洲通过他们强大的工会和商业社团的支持,不公平地保护他们本国的工业。
jairam ramesh, senior eic advisor to india's gress party, 1991-1998: the fact is the rules of the game are tilted in favor of the eically powerful. i uahat, and until india is eically powerful we are not goio ihe rules of the game. let's take the textile trade. ile imports into ameriple, are goveras. every try is allocated a quota. it's rade. it's marade. america is free to sell textiles to us, but we are o sell textiles to america.
jairam ramesh,印度国大党的高级经济顾问,1991 – 1998:事实是游戏的规则向有利于经济强国的方面倾斜。我可以理解。 我认为直到印度成为一个经济强国,否则我们无法影响游戏规则的制定。让我们来看一看纺织品贸易。比如,现在所有要进口到美国的纺织品都要受配额的限制。每个国家被分配一定数量的配额。
narrator: developing tries fotiating bloake westers more open.
旁白:发展中国家组成了一个谈判集团以迫使西方更加开放他们的市场。
delegate: this should ime when big tries, strong tries, the world's wealthiest tries, are setting about a process desighemselves.
代表:这不应该是那些大国,强盛的国家,世界上最富有的国家开始一个为了使他们自己更富有的过程的时候。
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chapter 17: failure at the summit [4:58]
第十七章: 峰会的失败
narrator: bill had been a leadi of expahe protests forto a politier. a presideion was about to begis needed union support. io delegates, appeared to side with the protestors os.
旁白:比尔克林顿一直是贸易扩张的主要支持者,但是抗议声使他退缩到一个政治角落里,总统大选就要开始了,民主党需要工会的支持,在对世界贸易组织代表发表的一次演讲中,克林顿表现出对街头示威者的支持。
bill : i n the small number who were violent and who tried to prevent you from meeting, but i'm
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